Enhancing primary healthcare delivery in the inner-city community in Toronto, Canada

A very participatory evaluation process with broad involvement of all stakeholders, including patient and community members, led to consensus on priorities and gaps in services; prioritization of an innovative, patient-centred, model of health and social care led to development of an integrative Family Health team working from a social determinants of health lens; multiple partnerships support long-term sustainability and educational collaboration; supportive leadership and internal champions created momentum for change and mitigated internal and external barriers to change; active and ongoing engagement of patients, community and health team members in program design and implementation.

St. Michael’s Hospital, Department of Family & Community Medicine-Family Health Team

The St. Michael’s Hospital Academic Family Health Team (SMHAFHT) is a large, primary care teaching clinic, affiliated with the University of Toronto, and nestled within the downtown core of Toronto. The Family Health Team provides services to the inner-city community of Toronto through 6 clinical sites located conveniently in these neighbourhoods. We serve the poorest communities in Toronto - people who are marginalized, underhoused and with significant health comorbidities who are significantly impacted by many social determinants of health that negatively affect the quality of one’s life, such as poverty, inadequate housing and inequitable access to health and social care services. 

In identifying the significant impact that social determinants of health have on our community, and in consideration of the research which supports the importance of interprofessional (IP) care and education, our department undertook a visioning and planning process to evolve and ‘re-purpose’ the way we deliver care, how ...

Implications of interprofessional primary care team characteristics for health services and patient health outcomes: A systematic review with narrative synthesis

Interprofessional primary care (IPPC) teams are promoted as an alternative to single profession physician practices in primary care with focus on preventive care and chronic disease management. Characteristics of teams can have an impact on their performance.

Literature focused on the implications of team characteristics on team processes, such as teamwork, collaboration, or satisfaction of patients or providers. Despite heterogeneity of contexts, some trends are observable: shared space, common vision and goals, clear definitions of roles, and leadership as important to good teamwork. The impacts of these on health care outputs or patient health are not clear. So, this systematic review of extant evidence on the characteristics of interprofessional primary care teams can inform policy

Towards a theoretical framework for Integrated Team Leadership (IgTL)

This study presents a framework for the leadership of integrated, interprofessional health, and social-care teams (IgTs) based on a previous literature review and a qualitative study. The theoretical framework for Integrated Team Leadership (IgTL) is based on contributions from 15 professional and nonprofessional staff, in 8 community teams in the United Kingdom. Participants shared their perceptions of IgT’s good practice in relation to patient outcomes. There were two clear elements, Person-focused and Task-focused leadership behaviors with particular emphasis on the facilitation of shared professional practices. Person-focused leadership skills include: inspiring and motivating; walking the talk; change and innovation; consideration; empowerment, teambuilding and team maintenance; and emotional intelligence.